This pivotal era in European history, spanning from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the widespread Revolutions of 1848, charts the continent's complex trajectory after the Napoleonic Wars. It encompasses the conservative efforts of the Restoration to re-establish monarchical order and the balance of power, often associated with figures like Metternich. Simultaneously, underlying currents of liberalism and nationalism gained momentum, challenging the established order and ultimately erupting in a series of transformative, though often ultimately suppressed, political and social uprisings across the continent.